Journal: Frontiers in Oncology

Article Title: Evolving imaging methods of prostate cancer and the emergence of magnetic resonance imaging guided ablation techniques

doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1043688

Figure Lengend Snippet: Prospective and largest retrospective studies evaluating ultrasound ablation of primary localized prostate cancer.

Article Snippet: Both TULSA and HIFU performed inside the MRI scanner, known as magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) (ExAblate; Insightec; Miami, FL, USA), exploit MRI guidance to thermally ablate prostate tissue under real-time MRI monitoring and active temperature feedback control.

Techniques:

Journal: Biomedicines

Article Title: Microbubble-Enhanced Focused Ultrasound for Infiltrating Gliomas

doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12061230

Figure Lengend Snippet: Clinical FUS systems.

Article Snippet: ExAblate (Magnetic Resonance-guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery) Treatment of Brain Tumors , NCT01473485 , Glioma , InSightec ExAblate system.

Techniques:

Journal: Biomedicines

Article Title: Microbubble-Enhanced Focused Ultrasound for Infiltrating Gliomas

doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12061230

Figure Lengend Snippet: Registered clinical trials using FUS for glioma are separated by glioma type. An overview of ongoing clinical trials for treating HGGs.

Article Snippet: ExAblate (Magnetic Resonance-guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery) Treatment of Brain Tumors , NCT01473485 , Glioma , InSightec ExAblate system.

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Imaging, Permeability, Disruption, Adjuvant

Journal: Brain Sciences

Article Title: Ultrasound-Mediated Bioeffects in Senescent Mice and Alzheimer’s Mouse Models

doi: 10.3390/brainsci12060775

Figure Lengend Snippet: Ultrasound modalities: This review discusses three ultrasound (US) modalities, with a transducer generating the sound waves which travel through the skull into the mouse brain. To open the blood–brain barrier (BBB), microbubbles (MBs) are intravenously injected (US +MB ). Upon US exposure, the MBs start to oscillate (or cavitate) in the brain capillaries, thereby causing pressure on the BBB’s tight junctions that transiently open and make the interstitial space of the brain accessible (US +MB ). This modality relies on the therapeutic effects of endogenous, unidentified blood-borne factors that are taken up by the brain. US +MB+mAb uses therapeutic agents as exemplified by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that together with blood-borne factors are taken up by the brain when the BBB opens within the focal volume of the US beam. Finally, US can also be used on its own, in the absence of BBB opening (US only ). The principal mechanisms of US are the generation of heat (for the work discussed here largely negligible), its radiation force, and cavitation, with the latter coming into play, in particular, with the use of MBs in the two modalities US +MB and US +MB+mAb . In US only , in the absence of significant cavitation and heating, the dominating principle is the radiation force (together with the rapid expansion/contraction of neuronal membranes). This is shared between the three US modalities and induces a cascade of activation events in cell types such as astrocytes and neurons, as discussed here. Figure generated with BioRender.

Article Snippet: The trials differ in that they either use the MRI-guided ExAblate Neuro system multi-element array operated at 220 kHz (Insightec) [ , ], a 1 MHz transducer implanted in the skull bone thickness and connected to an external power supply via a transdermal needle connection during activation and facing the brain (Carthera: Sonocloud [ ]), or a single 0.25 MHz element transducer with guidance provided by the Brainsight neuronavigation system (Columbia University) as outlined in a macaque study [ ].

Techniques: Injection, Bioprocessing, Activation Assay, Generated